7 Amazing Factoids About “Bubble Wrap”

Yes!! Bubble wraps are just not made up so that you can pop them for fun!

This time, let us  talk about something so small that you did not notice until you open your New crockery set from Amazon.

“BUBBLE WRAPS”

1. They were Designed to use as a wallpaper

The inventor of Bubble Wrap  Al Fielding & Marc Chavannes were intended to make a textured wallpaper by shower Curtains and sealed air.

2. IBM was the First Customer.

After 3 years down the Lane, Mr. Bowers a Marketer Finally came up with an idea to use this as packaging Material.

He pitched the idea to IBM and demonstrated its ability as a Packaging material.

IBM Began purchasing Bubble wrap for shipping its newly build 1401 computer.

In this time IBM sells double the number of 1401’s as projected .

Around 10,000 units were sold in first five weeks while 5000 were projected ,thanks to bubble wrap for protecting this fragile equipment thus move things more swiftly.

3. No, they are Not balloons.

There are misconceptions  during  the manufacturing  that air is filled inside the bubbles just like balloons are inflated.

But manufacturing of bubble wrap is opposite of what you think.

It is made by Trapping Air bubbles in Between two  sheets of Plastic  as they are heated and passed between rollers.

 

A bubble wrapping machine

 

4. Bubble wrap Appreciation day

Yes ,You read it right!! They are celebrated.

Bubble Wraps are very loyal and supportive in nature, they assured the safety of your fragile gift that is sent to your loved ones.

Spirit 95 Radio , FM station in Bloomington , Indiana that started  Bubble Wrap Appreciation day in 2001 conduct it successfully every year on 25 th of January.

 

Bubble wrap in Fashion on the Appreciation day

The events include Popping relay , Pop-a mole and sculpture and Fashion design contests.

Just proudly POP your Bubble Wrap.

 

5.Bubble wrap Therapy

According to the first ever “pop” poll stress survey, one minute of popping the bubbles in bubble wrap provides stress relief equivalent to 33 minutes of massage.

6. Multi usable (Just apply your Brain)

Bubble wrap can be used for many purposes.

To keep your windshield and plant safe from frost, even prevent your ice cream from melting ,to insulate your drafty window and avoid sweaty toilet seats.

As well as a comfortable pillow and a burglar alarm.

7. Infinite Bubble wrap

All of us want a bubble wrap that never ends.

Just spend $9.00 on Amazon for  “Bandai Mugen Puti Puti Bubble Pop Keychain”

Each keychain device has 8 rubbery little “bubble” buttons. They have a pretty close tactile feel to actual bubble wrap.

The Touch and sound are pretty Close to bubble wrap.

you can sit in the office and pop it for hours to annoy your rival.

Until then enjoys this virtual bubble wrap.

Keep Poping !!!

Live Long and Prosperous!

 

How much money is required to be IRON MAN

Most of Iron Man fans want to live  lavish  life like tony stark ,

Well, it’s not tough if you are on the list of the richest man on the planet.

So readers, this time, I go out of my league and calculate the cost of iron man,s lifestyle .

Let start with:

1. Real estate

Stark live in malibu , California that gives us the cost of property to be:

 The average cost of that size of a house that goes in that area is  $75 million

closest thing in real life is comparable to Bill gates house in Washington which contains voice control devices, heated floor , underwater music system, and 23 luxury cars.

it is estimated to be $1.4 billion .

The stark tower that’s is in Manhatten NewYork comparable to Metlife building in Manhatten which is estimated to be $3 billion .

2. The look of Tony

If one is a billionaire then he should  look like a  billionaire.

Tony’s  handsome look  come from highest paid barber , designer suits and Rolex watches .

The most expensive stylist in California takes fees around $1000 for one appointment.

and for one year it goes to $12,000

Add up some suits and designer glasses that gives us around $100,000

3.  J.A.R.V.I.S

Tony is kind of helpless without his artificial intelligent computer (J.A.R.V.I.S)

To generate this high processing power tony requires a Quantum Computer .

The fastest computer in this world is K- computer (8 quadrillion calculation per second)

It’s estimated cost is $1.5 billion .

Also, J.A.R.V.I.S  uses  virtual reality as interface thus closest software in virtual reality is Oculus which cost around $2 billion  .

4. Power And Energy.

Stark Tower ,house  and his suits is powered by palladium  Arc reactor.

Its manufacturing Cost is unknown but it generates 16 million horsepower or 12 gigajoules per second.

That much energy is only generated by NASA  space shuttle endeavour.

thus, it cost can be taken as $1.7 billion  equivalent to a space shuttle.

5. Research & development.

Tony is shown as Lone hunter in the movie but this is insignificant , to develop and maintain the all the systems and suits tony require some smart engineers.

Aerospace , military engineers make around $120,000  per annum

so tony require at least 10 engineers research team for his assistance.

That’s get us to $1,200,000 for engineering Team.

5. Suit

The cost of Fully functional Iron man suit is hard to determine for Obvious reasons

(IT DOES NOT EXIST DUH!)

We take the Cost of Developing & maintaining Cost of a Super Flying Machine.

The beast of Sky developed by Northrop corp.  “The Northrop Grumman B-2 .”

This Jet cost Around $2.13 billion  (With top speed 1010 km/h)

Thus , Tony has  42 suits so the total cost can be obtained by multiplying 2.13 billion to 42.

Here is the screenshot of Excel sheet for the final result.

Freaking $ 90.5  billion  that’s

=  Rs. 63,38,38,25,40,000 = 6 lakh Crore Only

This much money can be only obtained when your Surname is STARK.

Good Luck with That!!

Sheldon You should Stop Saying the Word “STRING THEORY”

Hello, The big bang theory Fans.  Many of you wonder (because of Dr. Sheldon Cooper  as he speaks so much about it.) that what is string Theory ? What is this stuff that keeps on going on Sheldon’s  mind , so now it is kind of mandatory for you understand it..

To understand String theory first we should know that Einstein was wrong , his laws are not valid for all the things in the universe because  all the physical laws break down inside the black hole, and also Einstein equation doesn’t answer our question of what happen before the big bang.

That’s where string theory come into play , Well Einstein said that universe is a bubble and we all are insects lying upon that bubble .  Whereas string theory state that there is not a single bubble, there are many bubbles out there named Multiverse , these multiverses are also called parallel universes which you here sometimes from Sheldon cooper .

So how does big bang take place ?  Well simple ,  by the collision of two bubbles (universe) . Back in the time when two universes collide to form one single universe enormous amount of energy is released and this phenomenon is called the big bang.

Now the second question arises that it is possible to go into these another bubble (universe) ?

yes , through a wormhole as shown in the movie Interstellar.

Now, what is a wormhole ?

Consider  that I need to go from one point A to another point B in space .but it takes a long time. so instead of taking the long path I bend the space like a sheet of paper and connect point A and point B, now the shortcut created is called the wormhole.

Now here is a problem.  it is kind of impossible to generate wormhole because enormous  energy  is required to build a wormhole and that much energy is released in the big bang (around trillion of joules)

but at least we have the equation with us.

kindly ask any burning questions in  the comment section

LIVE LONG AND PROSPER!

Feel the graphics

What if the touchscreen of your smartphone or tablet could touch you back? What if the touch was as integrated into our ubiquitous technology as sight and sound?

The answer is Haptic technology . Yeah, the scientist is working on a technology that literally give you the feel of a touch thus it is a leap forward in virtual reality.

Let us understand how some of the haptic equipment works :

The PHANTOM interface from SensAble Technologies was one of the first haptic systems to be sold commercially. Its success lies in its simplicity. Instead of trying to display information from many different points, this haptic device simulates touching at a single point of contact. It achieves this through a stylus which is connected to a lamp-like arm. Three small motors give force feedback to the user by exerting pressure on the stylus. So, a user can feel the elasticity of a virtual balloon or the solidity of a brick wall. He or she can also feel the texture, temperature, and weight. The stylus can be customized so that it closely resembles just about any object. For example, it can be fitted with a syringe attachment to simulate what it feels like to pierce skin and muscle when giving a shot.

This a short video of the Omni

Now let’s talk about how you feel the graphics and keys on your smartphone screen.

This is done piezoelectric actuators .

Piezoelectric is a material which produce voltage difference when a pressure applied to it.

For example quartz , this material is present on your analog watches.

 In Greek piezo means pressure

This image depicts how haptic technology performs in your mobile.

Microsoft research center Asia is performing some methods to indulge this technology in their smartphone .

Applications of Haptic Technology

It’s not difficult to think of ways to apply haptics. Video game makers have been early adopters of passive haptics, which takes advantage of vibrating joysticks, controllers, and steering wheels to reinforce on-screen activity.

Graphical user interfaces, like those that define Windows and Mac operating environments, will also benefit greatly from haptic interactions. Imagine being able to feel graphic buttons and receive force feedback as you depress a button.

Training with haptics is becoming more and more common. For example, medical students can now perfect delicate surgical techniques on the computer, feeling what it’s like to suture blood vessels in an anastomosis or inject BOTOX into the muscle tissue of a virtual face.

A person using haptics to practice an operation and feel exact same force and touch provide in real time.

Aircraft mechanics can work with complex parts and service procedures, touching everything that they see on the computer screen And soldiers can prepare for battle in a variety of ways, from learning how to defuse a ­bomb to operating a helicopter, tank or fighter jet in virtual combat scenarios.

Haptic technology is also widely used in teleoperation or telerobotics. In a telerobotic system, a human operator controls the movements of a robot that is located some distance away. Some teleoperated robots are limited to very simple tasks, such as aiming a camera and sending back visual images. In a more sophisticated form of teleoperation known as telepresence, the human operator has a sense of being located in the robot’s environment.

The scientist can present virtually at mars and feel the texture of  the soil.

Robot can be operated in new and get the feel of actual condition on robot like forces and also temperature

This technology is on the way just keep alive and enjoy it.

LIVE LONG AND PROSPER!

CAN WE BECOME GOD ?

Alright the answer to the above question is YES ,and can be explained in single word “SINGULARITY”

Now the word singularity can be used in 2 ways

SPACE TIME SINGULARITY — That take place at the center of the black hole and in big bang due to a high gravitational field that even light cannot escape through it . Now definition from Wikipedia confuses us and say that “A gravitational singularity or spacetime singularity is a location where the quantities that are used to measure the gravitational field become infinite in a way that does not depend on the coordinate system. These quantities are the scalar invariant curvatures of spacetime, which includes a measure of the density of matter.

Now I say this is ridicules according to me singularity means ” I DON’T KNOW” actually nobody knows what happen at the center of a black hole. The laws of physics are not valid there or maybe be a new set of laws are introduced there .

however back to topic about can we become the god? The answer is the Technological singularity.

It happens when computer power grows and surpassing human intelligence swapping aside everything in its path. this technology may be 20 years away or it may be a thousand , but most researchers believe that technological singularity is possible . The theory is that if it is uncontrolled the result will be catastrophic.

We cannot predict what will super intelligent machine do , maybe they have their own goals and thoughts they may even choose to eliminate everything that stands in their path including us , just like in terminator and blade runner but there is also a second optimistic thought that instead of fighting the machine we should merge with them, here how it should be done.

The brain is the most complex thing in the universe . we can use advanced MRI to scan each individual neuron and abstract the data from it and upload it to the mother computer just like a large server ,and all this collectible knowledge can be transmitted back to our brain when required in a particular situation.

 

These large server  is connected to each other and to every neuron of the individual updating our mind just like smartphones.

This graph shows that by the end of 21 st century the new era of human may begin

Thus, we will be no longer homosepians but a new species named homo superior that can evolve instantly instead of taking million of years thus we are talking about HUMANITY BECOME LIKE THE GOD .

Feel free to comment your ideas about the singularity .

LIVE LONG AND PROSPER!

 

THE POWER OF IGNORANCE

A group of frogs was crossing a small bridge . Under the bridge there was a dark and deep pit , suddenly 2 frogs fell into the pit. when the other frog saw them they said “That’s good now you are dead.” they kept saying this , and told the 2 frogs that instead of trying with your injured body you both should sit back and wait for death. At last one of the frog give up the hope and kill himself , on the other hand, the other frog keeps trying harder and harder to get out from the pit. and the group kept saying “that,s good now you are dead now sit back and wait for death.”

But the frog doesn’t listen to them and keep trying , and at last, the frog finally comes out from the Pit of death . The other frog feels ashamed of them self for discouraging him. but the frog said “THANK YOU! I am deaf , I cannot hear you. but I saw that all of you were encouraging me . it was very helpful .!!

So, friends, the above story dictates the scenario in life. when we try to achieve something higher and different all the crowd tries to discourage and suppress us but we have the power of ignorance to diminish the power of words. just be optimistic and half the problem will be gone itself .

LIVE LONG AND PROSPER!

 

THE FUTURE IS EMBEDED IN THE WORD “VIRTUAL”

Hello fellas today we are going to know what is VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING. It is a broad  word but it is the future of designing ,medical,education,military & engineering, so we should know a little bit about it.

virtual prototyping can be used for a designer or a user to interact the product before it is actually created .

I know that my words are not enough to clear the concept of this topic ,but did you see the movie IRON MAN ? ( I KNOW MOST OF YOU DID).  In the movie Mr. Tony stark ( Robert downy Jr. )  used the most advanced  artificial intelligent computer named  “Jarvis” . He always intract with the computer with holographics coming out in front of him in blank space , and he design the  iron man suit with this technology , this design technique is called virtual prototyping.

A scene from movie IRON MAN Here you can see the virtual design of Iron man Suit.

Like shown in the movie the cool gesture is  not available but up-till then we have to use

A console, A 3D wearable glass and A wide screen .

Apparatus of Virtual prototyping .

APPLICATIONS:

• Designing  :  This technology is nowadays are used by automobiles like Ford, jaguar and BMW to analyses there car designs more accurately and as well as simulate the driving experience in 3 Dimensions . Here is a video for better understanding:

A engineer analyzing the design of an AUTO -part.

Engineers working on design of landing gear in a virtual environment.

• Medical  :   The use virtual prototyping is very wide in medical. such as  surgeon can practice the operation in a virtual environment before performing the actual operation thus increasing the chances of successful operation.    Also virtual reality software named  biogen demo was created to visualize the process of how the patients health increase when he took new drugs and how these drug reacted with DNA and Brain cells.

Here is a video of University of Minnesota where in  with the  help of virtual prototyping and 3 d printing new organs of human body were develop and shown

• Military   :  Using virtual Reality soldier can practice as they are on the battlefield make them to use strategies and sharpen their skills as well as new pilots  in navy can be trained without risk of crash by avoiding to fly  real costly jets  thus save fuel and money.
  

  NASA -State of the art Virtual flight simulator.

  

  Soldier training in virtual simulator.

• Education :        A new tool named “World2world”  which could be used to interact with intranet and LAN deployed system. It supports collaborative designs and distance learning. For example to teach train drivers and as well as fork lift drivers to teach them in complex ware house environment.
  

  Students learning about planets by virtual Reality

• Real estate:       Virtual real estate is another such example to visualize different properties on a 3 D map where the user can move around the plots and look for desired features .
  

  A virtual tour of a REAL ESTATE

• Gaming:  It is the most grown industries to use the virtual reality technology . companies like Nvidea , Sony, Nintendo are developing new virtual game console and will be available in market in 2020 for consumers.
  

  Sony virtual goggles

  

  Inside the virtual gaming environment.

  

  TREADMILL for Walk Through in games.

So bloggers this is the end.   I hope you learn something from this and if you have any quires and any idea where we can use this technology please tell me in the comment section .

LIVE LONG AND PROSPER.

THE BRAVE NEW WORLD OF WELDING…

When we hear the word welding we usually think of sparking and a dude wearing a pair goggle. but hey,, let me  blow your misconceptions by introducing you to the brave new world of welding..  here are some new welding process

1.   ULTRASONIC WELDING:  It is the method where ultrasonic frequencies (higher than 20 kHz)  are applied on the metal so that oscillation shear stress result in a smooth  weld. The vibrations and pressure cause movement of the metal molecules breaking up the surface oxide thus the two surface diffuse into each other . IT TAKE LESS THAN A SECOND TO WELD.  (!!HOW COOL IS THAT)
   

   ULTRASONIC WELDING

2. FRICTION WELDING:  This type of welding process where coalescence is produce  by rubbing the metal on each other. here how it is work ; the two metal piece to be weld are taken and one is hold in a fix jaw while the other is rotated at a high Rpm and when the moving metal touch the fixed metal due to friction between their faces result a high temperature zone thus welding take place.
   

   FRICTION WELDING

3. EXPLOSIVE WELDING:  IT IS ALSO CALLED PIRATE WELDING….as it is produced by using explosive powder. first of all the the powder is spread on the surface of the metal piece then below this piece another piece is placed to which this piece meant to be weld. a single detonation cap can be used to detonate the explosive , this type of welding used in bimetallic disc breaks , piston faces etc. where other process are impossible to conduct.
   

   EXPLOSIVE WELDING

4. COLD WELDING : It is define as welding process where coalescence is produce by mechanical force alone . since it is carried at room temperature the bonding of molecules may not be very strong.
   

   AT ISS ASTRONAUT USE COLD WELDING

5. ELECTRON BEAM WELDING  : As the name suggest this type of welding uses high energy electron beam to weld the piece , the high speed electron collide with the metal to give away their energy into heat thus melting a specific spot (UP TO 2200*C) it can weld from 1 meter away from the workpiece.
   

   SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF EBM

6. LASER BEAM WELDING: many people confuses it from the electron beam welding but its is different from that it has a greater accuracy and uses a entirely different principal and setup of working. it uses ruby LASER and xenon or krypton gas to operate. It is uses for thin material where  micro clear welding is required.
   

   LASER BEAM WELDING

7. NUCLEAR WELDING : This welding is uses  to weld plastics like polyethylene, crystal like quartz etc. the work piece are irradiated with  stream of neutrons    the surface to be weld are bombarded with these elements and nuclear reaction take place.
8. INFRA RED WELDING : In this type of welding the heat is supplied by a source  infra red light, such as a sylite glower, a chrome steel is carried out on a black plate of formed plastic, sponge rubber or thick rubberized fabric. This process is used to join polyethylene films.
   

   INFRA RED WELDING SETUP

   SO FRIENDS.. this is the end…. for any queries ask me in the comment section . I write blogs every week..follow me for more info..LATER 🙂

What are cupola furnaces????

Hi THERE I am here again for your help  to your high school, college   assignments. Today we going to learn about the oldest furnace technology used in

Today we going to learn about the oldest furnace technology used in foundry.

THE CUPOLA

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF CUPOLA

• The most widely used furnace in the foundry for melting ferrous and non-ferrous metal and alloys. a cross section of a cupola is shown .
•   A cupola is a shaft furnace of cylindrical shape erected on legs and columns . The     cupola shell is made of steel plate 8 or 10mm thick.
• The interior is lined  with refractory bricks to protect the shell from overheating.the charge consist of fuel(coke as anthracite) fluxes(limestone used for decontamination of charge) and material (pig iron,scrap etc.)
• Charging is mechanised by drop bottom buckets.
• Air for combustion deliver through blowers. and enter into a chamber called wired box.
• At the top of cupola there is there is a spark arrester to catch the incandescent dust and gases.

TUYERS are important part in cupola , they are the openings which extend through steel shells and refractory wall to the combustion zone.

• A tap hole is provided to take out the molten metal.

A VIDEO FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING 

DIMENSION OF CUPOLA

Cross section area of cupola is equal to:

A=   π *d^2 /4 =Q/Q1

d=clear diameter of cupola

Q=designed cupola output (in tonnes per hour)

Q1= specific output of the cupola (in tonnes per sq-m per hour)

As a rule = Q1=6 to 8

The cupola height is 3-5 times the diameter.

Height affects the melting rate , fuel consumption, and quality of molten metal

if too much height then coal is crushed under self weight.

if too small then molten metal is not heated properly thus reducing the output also.

Common dimensions are

OUTER diameter : 900-2700mm

INSIDE diameter :  500-2100 mm

HEIGHT : 12 m

FOR various  purpose design charts is shown

DESIGN SPECIFICATION OF CUPOLA

Various heat zone in cupola

• COMBUSTION zone   :      The highest temperature developed in cupola furnace is in    this zone.                                                                                                                 1600-1700*C the reaction is exothermic :    C + O2 ———-> CO2  + HEAT

• REDUCING zone: it’s above combustion zone up to height of initial coke bed.

The CO2 flowing upward reacts with  the hot coke  and reaction is  endothermic.

This zone application is to protect the metallic charge from oxidation due to its reducing

nature,    CO2 +   Coke —————> 2 CO(reducing agent)   – heat.

• MELTING zone: This zone includes the first layer of iron above  the coke bed.

In this zone the charge starts to melt.

Also iron carbide formation take place.

3Fe   + 2 CO ————–>    Fe3C  +   CO2

• PREHEATING ZONE: In this zone moisture,volatile materials are evaporated and the layers of charge are heated by outgoing gases and temperature here is about 1090*C.

A MICRO CUPOLA

IF YOU HAVE SOME QUESTION ASK ME IN COMMENT SECTION BELOW.

I AM ALWAYS HERE AS YOUR ASSIGNMENTS BUDDY……;)

Powder metallurgy: Atomization and chemical reduction

1.  Manufacture of Metal Powders
Atomization is the process used commercially to produce the largest tonnage of metal powders.  In water and gas atomization (Figures 2-1 and 2-2, respectively) the raw material is melted then the liquid metal is broken into individual particles.  To accomplish this, the melt stock, in the form of elemental, multi-element metallic alloys, and/or high quality scrap, is melted in an induction, arc, or other type of furnace.  After the bath is molten and homogenous, it is transferred to a tundish which is a reservoir used to supply a constant, controlled flow of metal into the atomizing chamber.  As the metal stream exits the tundish, it is struck by a high velocity stream of the atomizing medium (water, air, or an inert gas).  The molten metal stream is disintegrated into fine droplets which solidify during their fall through the atomizing tank.  Particles are collected at the bottom of the tank.  Alternatively, centrifugal force can be used to break up the liquid as it is removed from the periphery of a rotating electrode or spinning disk/cup (Figure 2-3).

         Figure 2-3

Here is a video link for better understanding:

Additional alloying can be performed in the liquid metal bath after the original charge has become molten.  Also, the bath can be protected from oxidation by maintaining an inert gas atmosphere as a cover over the liquid metal.  Alternatively, the top of the furnace can be enclosed in a vacuum chamber.  The furnace type and degree of protection are determined by the chemical composition of the bath and the tendency of the metal to oxidize.
These manufacturing techniques result in powders with different characteristics and appearance, for use in specific applications (Figure 5).  Water atomization usually produces irregularly shaped particles free of internal porosity, whereas the shape of gas atomized particles is spherical, also without internal porosity.  Metal powders produced by oxide reduction are irregular in shape, have a large surface area, and usually contain a substantial amount of internal porosity.  Particles fabricated by milling or other mechanical methods exhibit a spectrum of shapes, depending on the relative ductility or brittleness of the feed material.  Ductile powders are generally flat with a high aspect ratio whereas brittle particles can be angular and regularly shaped.  The milling of agglomerated particles can cause the agglomerates to break up, sometimes with little effect on the shape of the individual particles.  Powder particles produced chemically can have shapes ranging from spherical to angular.  Electrolytic powders are of high purity with a dendrite morphology.

Figure 5: Representative Metal Powders: (a) Chemical; Sponge Iron-Reduced Ore; (b) Electrolytic: Copper; (c) Mechanical: Milled Aluminum Powder Containing Disperoids (17); (d) Water Atomization : Iron; (e) Gas Atomization: Nickel-Base

Chemical reduction.

• It involves chemical reaction generally a halide or oxide. This may be carried out
• SOLID STATE: Reduction of iron oxide with carbon and tungsten oxide with hydrogen.
• THE FORMATION OF SPONGE IRON
  By Hoganas process:
• The batch does not move in the process .
• Quite pure iron ore (fe304) used with carbon and limestone.
• Contain in cylindrical ceramic container(silicon carbide).
• Total reduction time is 24 hours and 1200 *C .
• Limestone used to uncontaminated the sulphur from iron ore. so that pure iron can be obtain.

TUNGESTON POWDER

• The ore of tungsten is wolfermite(FeWO4) and scheelite(CaWO4)
• The ore is mixed in Hcl to form tungestic acid.
• Tungestic acid is mixed in ammonia to form APT (ammonium paratungastate)
• APT calcined to give blue oxide.
• Blue oxide and caustic soda are mixed to give tungsten ppt as Wo3.
• At 850*c reduction take place and the hydrogen used should be 99.4% pure to give high quality powder.

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chemical reduction chamber